Organizational Climate and Vocational High School Teachers’ Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Batam, Indonesia

Authors

  • Rudi Yanto Batara Silalahi STIE Galileo, Batam, Indonesia
  • Sahara Sahara Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38035/gijea.v4i3.1278

Keywords:

Organizational Commitment, Organizational Climate, Vocational Teacher Performance, Vocational High School

Abstract

Teacher performance in vocational high schools is crucial in preparing students to meet the demands of the workforce. However, empirical evidence regarding the influence of organizational factors on teacher performance in vocational education remains limited. Therefore, this study examines the influence of organizational climate on teacher performance, with organizational commitment as a mediating variable. A quantitative survey design was used to collect data from 174 vocational high school teachers in Batam, Indonesia. The collected data were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL 8.8 software. The statistical findings of the study (Path coefficients: OCL→ OCO = 0.91, t=14.88; OCO → VTP = 0.32, t = 4.29; OCL→ VTP = 0.63, t = 7.43; mediation effect = 0.29, t = 4.16), indicate that organizational climate has a significant positive influence on both organizational commitment and teacher performance. Furthermore, organizational commitment was found to act as a partial mediator. Among the variables studied, organizational climate had the most dominant direct effect on teacher performance. The novelty of this study lies in the role of organizational commitment as a partial mediator of organizational climate in enhancing teacher performance at vocational schools in industrial and free trade zones. These findings offer practical insights for school administrators to foster an organizational climate, specifically a school environment that provides a sense of security to strengthen teacher commitment and improve teacher performance.

References

Adewoye, S. E., & Mavhandu-Mudzusi, A. H. (2025). School Climate and Teachers’ Organisational Commitment in South African High Schools. Interdisciplinary Journal of Education Research, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.38140/ijer-2025.vol7.1.14

Afriansyah, H., & Sabandi, A. (2026). The Relationship Between Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Capabilities and Work Culture on the Performance of Public High School Teachers in Dharmasraya Regency. Indonesian Educational Administration and Leadership Journal, 8(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.22437/ideal.v8i1.53894

Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology., 63, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x

Asih, W. P., Agung, Anak Agung, G., & Ariawan, I. P. W. (2023). The Effect of Servant Leadership, Work Ethics, Organizational Culture, and Organizational Commitment on Teacher Performance in State Vocational High School in Denpasar City. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 14(1), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.14.01.15

Barnová, S., Treľová, S., Krásna, S., Beňová, E., Hasajová, L., & Gabrhelová, G. (2022). Leadership Styles, Organizational Climate, and School Climate Openness from the Perspective of Slovak Vocational School Teachers. Societies, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12060192

Cheung, G. W., Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2024). Reporting Reliability, Convergent and Discriminant Validity with Structural Equation Modeling: A review and best-Practice Recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 41(2), 745–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09871-y

Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An Interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602

Erdheim, J., Wang, M., & Zickar, M. J. (2006). Linking the Big Five Personality Constructs to Organizational Commitment. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(5), 959–970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.04.005

Fakhrurrazi, Niswanto, & Bahrun. (2025). The Influence of Motivation and School Culture on Teacher Performance at State Vocational High Schools in the Sigli City Area, Pidie Regency. International Journal of Applied Educational Research, 3(3), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.59890/ijaer.v3i3.15

Gomez, R. (2006). Gender Invariance of the Five-Factor Model of Personality Among Adolescents: A Mean and Covariance Structure Analysis Approach. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(4), 755–765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.012

Grund, C., & Titz, K. (2022). Affective Commitment Through Further Training: The Roles of Firm Provision and Employee Participation. In Review of Managerial Science (Vol. 16, Issue 4). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00460-1

Habibi, A., Waheeb, R., Zhao, Q., Tanu, T., Hendra, R., Mesfer, T., & Hassan, A. (2025). Validating the Determinants of Teachers’ Performance in Vocational Education: Indonesian perspectives. Acta Psychologica, 259(June), 105332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105332

Ibrahim, A., & Aljneibi, F. (2022). The Influence of Personal and Work-Related Factors on Teachers’ Commitment During Educational Change: A Study on UAE Public Schools. Heliyon, 8(11), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11333

Izzati, U. (2018). The Relationships between Vocational High School Teachers’ Organizational Climate and Innovative Behavior. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 173(Icei 2017), 343–345. https://doi.org/10.2991/icei-17.2018.91

Kartini, Sujanto, B., & Mukhtar, M. (2017). The Influence of Organizational Climate, Transformational Leadership, and Work Motivation on Teacher Job Performance. International Journal of Human Capital Management, 1(1), 192–205. https://doi.org/10.21009/IJHCM.01.01.15

Liuting, & Jamil, H. Bin. (2026). A Systematic Review of Chinese Vocational Colleges Teacher Performance Determinants. E-Journal of Research and Innovation, 13(1), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i1.376

Lotulung, M. S. D., & Wullur, B. G. (2019). Which Components of School Climate Are Best Predictors of Organisational Commitment of Indonesian Teachers? International Conference of New Approaches in Education, 39–51. https://doi.org/10.33422/icnaeducation.2019.07.400

Mailool, J., Kartowagiran, B., Retnowati, T. H., Wening, S., & Putranta, H. (2020). The Effects of Principal’s Decision-making, Organizational Commitment and School Climate on Teacher performance in Vocational High School Based on Teacher Perceptions. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(4), 1675–1687. https://doi.org/10.12973/EU-JER.9.4.1675

Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(1), 20–52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842

Muazza. (2021). In Search of Quality Human Resources in Education: Professional Competency, Compensation, Working Climate, and Motivation toward Vocational Teachers’ Performance. Indonesian Research Journal in Education, 5(1), 175–191. https://doi.org/10.22437/irje.v5i1.12497

Muhibbuddin, M. M., Wahyudin, A., & Oktarina, N. (2025). Analysis of the Influence of Principal’s Managerial Competence and Organizational Climate on Teacher Performance with Teacher Commitment in Public Senior High Schools in Tuban Regency. EDUCATIO: Jurnal Educational Management, 14(2), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.15294/eduman.v14i2.27139

Nurtanto, M., Kholifah, N., Herrera, L. M., Hamid, M. A., & Daryono, R. W. (2025). The Influence of Psychological Well-Being on Vocational Teacher Performance: The Mediating Role of Personality Traits and Work Commitment. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 17(2), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2025.17.02.015

Oamen, T. E. (2026). Comparing Competing Structural Models in CB-SEM: An Illustrative Application for Management and Behavioral Research. SEMMR, 3(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21099602

Oleksa-Marewska, K., & Springer, A. (2025). If You Fit, You Commit? The Relationship Between the Organizational Climate and Employees’ Commitment: the Moderating Role of The Person-Environment Fit. Central European Management Journal, 33(1), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-05-2023-0212

Pan, J., Ip, E. H., & Dubé, L. (2017). An Alternative to Post-Hoc Model Modification in Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Bayesian Lasso. Psychol Methods, 22(4), 687–704. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000112.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879

Pohan, A. E., Nasution, F., & Mery, S. (2023). Link and Match Program Implementation: A Case Study at Vocational High School 1 Batam. Edcomtech: Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan, 8(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.17977/um039v8i22023p89

Rai, S. S., Koodamara, N. K., & K, V. (2025). Antecedents of organizational commitment: a systematic literature review. Cogent Business and Management, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2484462

Ramadhan, R. D., Izzati, U. A., & Mulyana, O. P. (2026). Exploring Innovative Work Behavior among Vocational Educators: A Qualitative Study in Private Vocational Schools in Indonesia. Journal of General Education and Humanities, 5(2), 3011–3025. https://doi.org/10.58421/gehu.v5i2.1428

Ru’yat, R., & Pogo, T. (2022). Principal’s Decision, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Climate in Influencing the Performance of Vocational High School Teachers. International Journal of Indonesian Business Review, 1(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.54099/ijibr.v1i1.245

Saefuddin, M. T., Hidayat, S., & Ruhiat, Y. (2025). The Influence of Professional Competence and Organizational Climate on Teacher Performance in Vocational High Schools. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Profesi Guru, 8(1), 185–198. https://doi.org/10.23887/jippg.v8i1.95139

Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. G., & MacEy, W. H. (2013). Organizational climate and culture. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(July 2012), 361–388. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143809

Shanker, R., Bhanugopan, R., Heijden, B. I. J. M. Van Der, & Farrell, M. (2017). Organizational climate for innovation and organizational performance: The mediating effect of innovative work behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.02.004

Shi, D., & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (2020). The Effect of Estimation Methods on SEM Fit Indices. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 80(3), 421–445. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164419885164

Sucheri, D., & Kartiwi, A. P. (2026). The Influence of Deep Learning Strategies and Classroom Climate on Vocational Teacher Performance in Indonesian Public Vocational High Schools. Journal of Social Work and Science Education, 7(2), 1511–1529. https://doi.org/10.52690/jswse.v7i2.1486

Teresia, E., Sulaiman, & Suriansyah. (2022). The Effect of Work Climate on Teacher Performance Toward Organizational Commitment, Work Motivation, and Work Stress of Vocational School Teachers in East Barito District. Journal of K6 Education and Management, 4(4), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.11594/jk6em.04.04.13

Tsoni, E., Lazanaki, V., & Katsaros, K. (2025). The Influence of Organizational Climate on Work Engagement: Evidence from the Greek Industrial Sector. Administrative Sciences, 15(11), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15110413

Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., & Miller, M. W. (2013). Sample Size Requirements for Structural Equation Models: An Evaluation of Power, Bias, and Solution Propriety. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(6), 913–934. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413495237

Published

2026-08-22

How to Cite

Silalahi, R. Y. B., & Sahara, S. (2026). Organizational Climate and Vocational High School Teachers’ Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Batam, Indonesia. Greenation International Journal of Economics and Accounting, 4(3), 779–793. https://doi.org/10.38035/gijea.v4i3.1278