Green Awareness as a Mediator of Green Marketing and Green Brand Image on Green Customer Loyalty in Botanical Products

Authors

  • Elkunny Dovir Siratan Universitas Bunda Mulia, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Christian Haposan Pangaribuan Sampoerna University, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Aldi Bernatha Universitas Bunda Mulia, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Tri Wismiarsi Sampoerna University, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Budi Kurniawan Sampoerna University, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38035/gijea.v4i4.917

Keywords:

Green Awareness, Green Brand Image, Green Customer Loyalty, Green Marketing

Abstract

This study analyzes the effect of green marketing and green brand image on green customer loyalty, with green awareness as a mediating variable among consumers of Botanical Essential products in Indonesia. This research employed a quantitative approach through a survey of 200 respondents selected using purposive sampling, namely consumers who had purchased or used the products at least twice within the past year. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3. The findings indicate that green marketing has a positive and significant effect on green awareness and green customer loyalty. Green brand image is also proven to have a positive and significant effect on green awareness and green customer loyalty. Green awareness had the strongest effect on green customer loyalty (β = 0.542, p < 0.001) and fully mediated the relationships between green marketing, green brand image, and green customer loyalty. These findings affirm that green customer loyalty is shaped by green marketing, green brand image, and green awareness as a mediating mechanism.

References

Alamsyah, D. P., Aryanto, R., Utama, I. D., Marita, L. S., & Othman, N. A. (2020). The antecedent model of green awareness customer. Management Science Letters, 10(11), 2431–2436. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.4.007

Arasyi, J. F., & Kusumawati, N. (2023). Investigating the determinants of green loyalty: Understanding factors influencing customer commitment to sustainable brands in Indonesia. Journal of Consumer Studies and Applied Marketing, 1(2), 157–165. https://doi.org/10.58229/jcsam.v1i2.105

Bashir, S., Khwaja, M. G., Rashid, Y., Turi, J. A., & Waheed, T. (2020). Green brand benefits and brand outcomes: The mediating role of green brand image. SAGE Open, 10(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020953156

Butar Butar, S., Ambarita, N., & Haniva, R. (2024). Green awareness and green product: A direction for sustainable consumption. Applied Environmental Science, 1(2), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v1i2.2024.342

Butt, M. M., Mushtaq, S., Afzal, A., Khong, K. W., Ong, F. S., & Ng, P. F. (2017). Integrating behavioural and branding perspectives to maximize green brand equity: A holistic approach. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(4), 507–520. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1933

Çavuşoğlu, S., Demirağ, B., Jusuf, E., & Gunardi, A. (2020). The effect of attitudes toward green behaviors on green image, green customer satisfaction and green customer loyalty. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 33(4spl), 1513–1519. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.334spl10-601

Dewi, W. W. A., & Syauki, W. R. (2023). Green awareness of female consumers towards sustainable products in Indonesia. Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, 13(1), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.13.1.129-139

Doszhanov, A., & Ahmad, Z. A. (2015). Customers’ intention to use green products: The impact of green brand dimensions and green perceived value. SHS Web of Conferences, 18, Article 01008. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20151801008

Fatmawati, I., & Alikhwan, M. A. (2021). How does green marketing claim affect brand image, perceived value, and purchase decision? E3S Web of Conferences, 316, Article 01020. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131601020

Fazmi, M., & Imaningsih, E. S. (2024). The influence of green knowledge, green awareness and green packaging against the purchase decision of Aqua Life drinking bottle. Journal of Sustainable Economic and Business, 1(2), 98–109. https://doi.org/10.70550/joseb.v1i2.10

Genoveva, G., & Tanardi, J. (2022). Green entrepreneurship: A new paradigm for millennials in Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 17(4), 1133–1140. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170410

Hair, J. F., Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7

Han, X., Samad, S., Kim, W., & Wei, F. (2025). From corporate responsibility to green loyalty: How CSR initiatives shape sustainable choices among banking consumers in China. Acta Psychologica, 255, Article 104944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104944

Issock Issock, P. B., Mpinganjira, M., & Roberts-Lombard, M. (2020). Modelling green customer loyalty and positive word of mouth: Can environmental knowledge make the difference in an emerging market? International Journal of Emerging Markets, 15(3), 405–426. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-09-2018-0489

Jabeen, R., Khan, K. U., Zain, F., & Atlas, F. (2023). Buy green only: Interplay between green marketing, corporate social responsibility and green purchase intention; the mediating role of green brand image. Business Strategy & Development, 6(3), 503–518. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsd2.258

Junarsin, E., Pangaribuan, C. H., Wahyuni, M., Hidayat, D., Putra, O. P. B., Maulida, P., & Soedarmono, W. (2022). Analyzing the relationship between consumer trust, awareness, brand preference, and purchase intention in green marketing. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 6(3), 915–920. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2022.2.005

Kang, S., & Hur, W.-M. (2012). Investigating the antecedents of green brand equity: A sustainable development perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 19(5), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.281

Karim, R. A., & Rabiul, M. K. (2024). The relationships of corporate sustainability, customer loyalty, and word of mouth: The mediating role of corporate image and customer satisfaction. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 25(3), 421–441. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2022.2135054

Khan, K. U., Atlas, F., Arshad, M. Z., Akhtar, S., & Khan, F. (2022). Signaling green: Impact of green product attributes on consumers trust and the mediating role of green marketing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 790272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.790272

Khoirala, C. M., & Alfansi, L. (2024). Green euphoria: Unraveling the power of sustainable brands—examining the nexus of green brand image, authenticity, and emotional well-being with the mediating force of green brand attachment. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Business, 5(1), 28–42. https://doi.org/10.24123/jeb.v5i1.6069

Kinasih, I. A. D., Widagda, I. G. N. J. A., Rahyuda, I. K., & Suparna, G. (2023). Effect of green marketing and corporate social responsibility on purchase decisions mediated by brand image (study on consumers of Avoskin skincare products in Denpasar City). European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(4), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.4.2081

Krishnan, V., Nusraningrum, D., Prebakarran, P. N., & Mohd Wahid, S. D. (2024). Fostering consumer loyalty through green marketing: Unveiling the impact of perceived value in Malaysia’s retail sector. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(8), 4318–4335. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.5090

Liao, Y.-K., Wu, W.-Y., & Pham, T.-T. (2020). Examining the moderating effects of green marketing and green psychological benefits on customers’ green attitude, value and purchase intention. Sustainability, 12(18), Article 7461. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187461

Lin, J., Lobo, A., & Leckie, C. (2017). Green brand benefits and their influence on brand loyalty. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 35(3), 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-09-2016-0174

Majeed, M. U., Aslam, S., Murtaza, S. A., Attila, S., & Molnár, E. (2022). Green marketing approaches and their impact on green purchase intentions: Mediating role of green brand image and consumer beliefs towards the environment. Sustainability, 14(18), Article 11703. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141811703

Martínez, P. (2015). Customer loyalty: Exploring its antecedents from a green marketing perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(5), 896–917. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2014-0115

Mustonen, N., Karjaluoto, H., & Jayawardhena, C. (2016). Customer environmental values and their contribution to loyalty in industrial markets. Business Strategy and the Environment, 25(7), 512–528. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.1882

Nguyen-Viet, B., Tran, C. T., & Ngo, H. T. K. (2024). Corporate social responsibility and behavioral intentions in an emerging market: The mediating roles of green brand image and green trust. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 12, Article 100170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2024.100170

Osman, A., Othman, Y. H., Salahudin, S. N., & Abdullah, M. S. (2016). The awareness and implementation of green concepts in marketing mix: A case of Malaysia. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 428–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00053-8

Rahbar, E., & Wahid, N. A. (2011). Investigation of green marketing tools’ effect on consumers’ purchase behavior. Business Strategy Series, 12(2), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/17515631111114877

Rehman, A., Manzoor, S. R., Ullah, A., Han, H., Ariza-Montes, A., & Gil-Marín, M. (2025). Eco-driven choices: Green marketing orientation intervention toward green purchase intention in the home appliances industry. Acta Psychologica, 258, Article 105125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105125

Riyanto, R. R., & Pangaribuan, C. H. (2025). The effect of environmental concern on green purchase intention mediated by attitude towards green product, and subjective norm in Sensatia Botanicals Gen Z cosmetic users in Indonesia. Journal of Management, Economic, and Financial, 3(3), 214–230. https://jmef.polteksci.ac.id/index.php/jmef/article/view/141

Siratan, E. D., Yulita, H., Clarissa, C., & Michelle, M. (2024). Kepuasan merek terhadap loyalitas merek melalui keterikatan emosional merek dan cinta merek sebagai variabel mediasi. Jurnal E-Bis (Ekonomi-Bisnis), 8(1), 300–309. https://doi.org/10.37339/e-bis.v8i1.1639

Sugiyono. (2022). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Suki, N. M., Suki, N. M., & Azman, N. S. (2016). Impacts of corporate social responsibility on the links between green marketing awareness and consumer purchase intentions. Procedia Economics and Finance, 37, 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30123-X

Watson, A., Perrigot, R., & Dada, O. (2024). The effects of green brand image on brand loyalty: The case of mainstream fast food brands. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(2), 806–819. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3523

Widyastuti, S., Said, M., Siswono, S., & Firmansyah, D. A. (2019). Customer trust through green corporate image, green marketing strategy, and social responsibility: A case study. European Research Studies Journal, 22(2), 83–99. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1427

Zhang, N., Guo, M., Bu, X., & Jin, C. (2023). Understanding green loyalty: A literature review based on bibliometric-content analysis. Heliyon, 9(7), Article e18029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18029

Published

2026-10-31

How to Cite

Siratan, E. D., Pangaribuan, C. H., Bernatha, A., Wismiarsi, T., & Kurniawan, B. (2026). Green Awareness as a Mediator of Green Marketing and Green Brand Image on Green Customer Loyalty in Botanical Products. Greenation International Journal of Economics and Accounting, 4(4), 1496–1508. https://doi.org/10.38035/gijea.v4i4.917