Greenation International Journal of Economics and Accounting
Greenation International Journal of Economics and Accounting (GIJEA) from Volume 1 Number 1 of 2023 to Volume 5 Number 2 of 2027 Accredited Sinta Rank 2 according to Accreditation number: 2/C/C3/KPT/2026, March 6rd, 2026. Greenation International Journal of Economics and Accounting (GIJEA) is managed and published by Greenation Research under the auspices of the Global Research National Foundation (GREENATION) and Winaya Mukti University (UNWIM) Bandung. Periodically six times a year every March, May, July, September, November, January. GIJEA is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes scientific articles in the fields of Economics and Accounting. Articles published on GIJEA include the results of original scientific research (top priority), new scientific review articles (not priority), as well as results of studies in the fields of Economics and Accounting.
Greenation Research & Yayasan Global Resarch National
Copyright : Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions: Copyright in each article belongs to the author. The author acknowledges that the GIJEA has the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0). Authors can submit articles separately, arrange the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (for example, sent to the author's institutional repository, publication in a book, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time at GIJEA.
Digital Business Transformation and Its Impact on Organizational Performance in the Banking Industry: The Mediating Role of Digital Capability and Employee Adaptability
Advances in digital technology are driving the banking industry to undertake business transformation to improve organizational performance. This study aims to analyze the influence of digital business transformation on organizational performance, with digital capabilities and employee adaptability as mediating variables. The study used a quantitative approach through a survey of banking employees involved in digital transformation. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results show that digital business transformation has a positive and significant impact on organizational performance, as well as improving employee digital capabilities and adaptability. Both variables also positively influence organizational performance and act as partial mediators in the relationship between digital business transformation and organizational performance. These findings indicate that the success of digital transformation depends not only on technology investment but also on strengthening employee digital capabilities and adaptability. This study provides an empirical contribution to the development of digital transformation studies in the banking sector and provides input for bank management in improving organizational performance sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayi Wahid, Hery Wihasnanto, Rosna Yuherlina Siahaan, Rini Martiwi, Ari Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Effect of Non-Performing Loans, Loan to Deposit Ratio, and Capital Adequacy Ratio on Book Value per Share through Return on Assets Mediation
This study examines the effect of Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) on firm value proxied by Book Value per Share (BVS), with Return on Assets (ROA) as a mediating variable in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2015–2024. This research employs a quantitative approach using panel data regression. The sample consists of 11 banks selected through purposive sampling, resulting in 110 observations. Data analysis was conducted using EViews 12 and the Sobel test to examine the mediation effect. The results show that NPL has a negative and significant effect on ROA and BVS. LDR has no significant effect on ROA but positively affects BVS. CAR has a positive effect on both ROA and BVS. Furthermore, ROA significantly increases BVS. Mediation analysis indicates that ROA does not mediate the effect of NPL and LDR on BVS but mediates the relationship between CAR and BVS. These findings highlight the importance of credit risk management, effective intermediation, and strong capital structures in enhancing banking firm value.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yandi Asmana, Hari Gusrida, Yohanes Indrayono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leadership Style and Reward Systems as Drivers of Employee Work Motivation in the Manufacturing Industry
Employee work motivation is essential for improving organizational performance. Nonetheless, earlier research has shown varying results concerning how leadership approaches and incentive structures affect workers' motivation, and there is a scarcity of concrete data from the manufacturing field, especially within the galvanized steel sector. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, this study examines how leadership style and reward influence employee work motivation by emphasizing the role of organizational support and recognition in fulfilling employees’ psychological needs. A quantitative study that involves 107 permanent employees at an Indonesian galvanized steel company, used questionnaires, along with multiple linear regression. The results suggest that both the type of leadership and the rewards have a noteworthy and positive impact on employees' motivation at work; however, the reward component appears to exert a more powerful influence. In this sense the research extends the support for Self-Determination Theory within manufacturing, and it also gives practical direction for boosting employee motivation by applying leadership that is more aligned and reward mechanisms that are well designed.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Dharmawan, Kiki Sudiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Financial Statement Fraud Using the Beneish M-Score Method: A Study of Companies Involved in Legal Cases in Indonesia
The purpose of this study is to analyze financial statement fraud using the Beneish M-Score method. The main variables utilize indicators from eight financial ratios: Day Sales in Receivables Index (DSRI), Gross Margin Index (GMI), Asset Quality Index (AQI), Sales Growth Index (SGI), Depreciation Index (DEPI), Selling, General, & Admin Expenses Index (SGAI), Leverage Index (LVGI), and Total Accruals to Total Assets (TATA) to generate the M-Score value. Companies are suspected of committing financial statement fraud if they have an M-Score value greater than -2.22.The population in this study consists of 40 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, comprising 20 companies suspected of committing financial statement fraud and 20 companies suspected of not committing financial statement fraud. The research results show that among the 20 companies suspected of committing financial statement fraud, 9 companies have M-Score values greater than −2.22. Meanwhile, among the 20 companies suspected of not committing financial statement fraud, 3 companies have M-Score values greater than −2.22.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ramdany, Susi Susilawati, Maria Suryaningsih, Ridwan Saleh, Samukri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial Literacy as a Mediating Mechanism between Good Governance and Cooperative Financial Performance: Perception Evidence from Bekasi City, Indonesia
Research on the relationship between good governance and financial performance in cooperatives still remains as interesting topic for study. This study aims to examine the relationship between good governance and financial performance in cooperatives through the perceptions of supervisors, board members, and cooperative members. Mediating and control variables were used to strengthen the research findings. Research data were collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents meeting the criteria of supervisors, board members, and active cooperative members registered in Bekasi City. The respondents' data were analysed using Smart PLS 3 to obtain results for the outer model and inner model. The study found that independence variable has a significant effect on literacy, and the literacy variable has a significant effect on performance. The results of the hypothesis testing showed that the relationship between the tested variables had an effect but was not significant. The conclusion drawn from this study is that, in addition to independence, it is necessary for board members to have sound financial knowledge to support the management of the cooperative. This study also contributes by recommending that cooperative board members acquire adequate financial knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Panata Bangar Hasioan Sianipar, Christina Tri Setyorini, Yanuar Eko Restianto, Eliada Herwiyanti, Puji Lestari, Agung Praptapa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Leadership Style and Career Development on Turnover Intention among Employees in a Public Hospital
Employee turnover still remains kind of a persistent issue in healthcare, partly because it messes with workforce stability , service quality, and also overall organizational performance. A lot of prior work looked at how leadership, or career development maybe, relates to keeping employees, but not much has really examined how those two aspects work together inside public healthcare organizations. In this specific research, the aim is to examine how Leadership Style and Career Development influence Turnover Intention among staff in a public hospital. A quantitative method was implemented, and survey data was gathered from 92 employees through purposive sampling, indicating it was not random. Subsequently, the data was analyzed using multiple linear regression. In summary, the findings indicate that both Leadership Style and Career Development have meaningful negative impacts on Turnover Intention, suggesting that greater values in these areas correspond with a reduced desire to quit. Among the two variables, Career Development emerged as the stronger predictor, indicating that employees place considerable importance on opportunities for professional growth and career advancement. The results also confirm that Leadership Style and Career Development jointly influence Turnover Intention. Moreover, the model accounts for 24% of the differences in Turnover Intention, indicating that there are probably additional organizational and personal factors as well, which affect employees' decisions on leaving. These results emphasize the significance of strong leadership and well-organized career advancement programs as essential approaches for enhancing employee retention within public healthcare institutions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Bintang Gadesya Putra, Kiki Sudiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Design and Development of an Arduino-Based Ship Lift Learning Media Using a PLC Approach for Cadets of Makassar Maritime Polytechnic
Design and Development of Arduino-Based Ship Lift Learning Media with a PLC Control Approach for Cadets of Makassar Maritime Polytechnic is a study motivated by the limited availability of practical learning media for automatic control systems that resemble real shipboard conditions. This study aims to design, develop, and examine the feasibility and effectiveness of Arduino-based ship lift learning media using a Programmable Logic Controller control approach. The research object is the ship lift learning media used by cadets of Makassar Maritime Polytechnic. This study employed a Research and Development method with the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Data were collected through interviews, observation, questionnaires, documentation, expert validation, user trials, and prototype testing. The results show that the developed learning media is able to simulate lift movement, sensor reading, actuator control, stopping logic, interlocking, and basic safety systems. The media is considered feasible, easy to use, reusable, and effective in improving cadets’ conceptual understanding, practical skills, and readiness to understand ship automation systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tony Santiko, Mohammad Sapta Heriyawan, Arifuddin Danduru, Zalza Wulandari Idris Idris https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Payroll Accounting Information System and PPh 21 Compliance for Staple Food MSMEs in Wanaherang Traditional Market
Payroll management is one of the main obligations of entrepreneurs as tax collectors (tax withholding system) based on Indonesian tax law, particularly in the context of Article 21 of the Income Tax Law (PPh). However, many Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia still rely on manual payroll systems accompanied by incomplete administrative records, resulting in inaccurate tax calculations and potential non-compliance with applicable tax regulations. This study aims to: (1) identify whether MSMEs in the study sample still use manual or digital payroll systems, and (2) assess the completeness of payroll administration documents required for accurate PPh Article 21 reporting. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, using a structured questionnaire distributed to 30 MSMEs engaged in the staple food (sembako) trading sector at Wanaherang Market, Bogor Regency. A total of 20 questionnaires were returned and analyzed, with a response rate of 66.7%. The results show that the majority of respondents still rely on manual payroll methods with incomplete administrative documentation. The 20 MSME respondents, only 9 entities (45%) had complete payroll documentation across all seven assessed components: employee data, revenue components, insurance deductions, Article 21 Income Tax calculations, supporting data, tax reporting documents, and internal control systems. The weakest component was internal control (only 40% complete), followed by completeness of supporting data (55%). As a contribution, this study proposes a conceptual digital payroll accounting information system framework consisting of six integrated stages employee data input, automated tax calculation, document generation, system validation, multi-level approval, and payroll disbursement designed to improve compliance efficiency for MSMEs. This prototype is planned to be implemented through community service activities targeting MSMEs that have not yet adopted a digital payroll system.
Copyright (c) 2026 Uswatun Khasanah, Tutty Nuryati, Vitra Yozi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Moderating Role of Firm Size on Corporate Governance and CSR Disclosure in Indonesian Listed Companies
This study investigates the determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure by examining the influence of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) mechanisms and profitability, with firm size acting as a moderating variable. The governance mechanisms are represented by board size, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership. The research focuses on consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. Using a purposive sampling method, 34 companies were selected, resulting in 170 panel data observations analyzed through panel regression using EViews 12. The findings reveal that board size, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership negatively affect CSR disclosure, while profitability has a positive effect. Furthermore, firm size only strengthens the relationship between managerial ownership and CSR disclosure, but does not moderate the effects of board size, institutional ownership, or profitability. These results indicate that larger firms tend to enhance the role of managerial ownership in encouraging broader CSR practices. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the moderating role of firm size in the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and CSR disclosure in emerging markets. From the perspective of legitimacy theory, CSR disclosure serves as a strategic instrument for maintaining social legitimacy, strengthening stakeholder trust, and supporting long-term business sustainability. The findings are expected to provide insights for corporate management, investors, and policymakers in improving governance quality and CSR transparency.
Copyright (c) 2026 Reschiwati Reschiwati, Idayanti Idayanti, Fran Sayekti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinant Model of Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction from a Human Resource Management Perspective at an Umrah Travel Agency
The Umrah travel agency sector in Indonesia has experienced significant growth, yet this is often not accompanied by an improvement in the organization’s internal performance. Suboptimal employee performance is influenced by low organizational support, weak work discipline, and an unsatisfactory compensation system. This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational support, work discipline, and compensation on employee performance, with job satisfaction as the mediating variable. The approach used is quantitative with an explanatory design, involving 101 respondents who are employees of Umrah travel agencies in Lampung Province, selected through purposive sampling. Hypothesis testing was conducted using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the assistance of SmartPLS 3.0 software. The analysis results indicate that organizational support, work discipline, and compensation have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. However, directly, only compensation has a significant effect on employee performance, while organizational support and work discipline do not have a direct effect. Job satisfaction was found to act as a crucial mediating variable; it fully mediates the effects of organizational support and work discipline on performance, and partially mediates the effect of compensation on performance. These findings imply that the psychological factor of job satisfaction serves as the primary bridge in translating human resource management practices into improved employee performance in the religious services sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kamsariaty Kamsariaty, Ryan Firdiansyah Suryawan, Suhartini Suhartini, Monizaihasra Mohamed, Hadiansyah Hadiansyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Co-Creation Value on Umrah Pilgrims’ Loyalty: The Moderating Role of Digital Engagement
This study examines the effect of co-creation value on Umrah pilgrims’ loyalty and investigates the moderating role of digital engagement in the relationship. Grounded in Service-Dominant Logic (SDL), this research emphasizes the importance of customer participation in value creation within service interactions. A quantitative approach was employed using a survey of Umrah pilgrims who had experience using Umrah travel services in Jakarta. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that co-creation value has a positive and significant effect on pilgrims’ loyalty, indicating that active customer participation in service processes enhances long-term relationships with the travel agency. However, digital engagement was not found to significantly moderate the relationship between co-creation value and loyalty. These findings suggest that loyalty in Umrah travel services is primarily driven by direct service experiences and value co-creation rather than by digital interaction alone. This study contributes to the Service-Dominant Logic literature by extending the application of co-creation value in the context of religious service marketing and provides practical insights for Umrah travel agencies seeking to strengthen customer loyalty.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Bayu Kreshna, Fatchur Rohman, Radityo Putro Handrito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Psychosocial Factors and Organizational Commitment among Female Generation Z Employees in the Manufacturing Sector: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction
The manufacturing sector plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy and serves as a major employer for Generation Z workers. However, female Generation Z employees in manufacturing often face high work pressure, physical demands, and psychological challenges that may reduce job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This study aims to examine the influence of mental toughness and person–organization fit on organizational commitment through job satisfaction. A quantitative approach was employed using survey data collected from 160 female Generation Z employees in manufacturing companies in Grobogan Regency. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results indicate that mental toughness and person–organization fit have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction also has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment and mediates the relationship between mental toughness, person–organization fit, and organizational commitment. Person–organization fit was found to be the strongest predictor of job satisfaction. These findings suggest that strengthening mental resilience and aligning individual and organizational values are essential to enhance job satisfaction and commitment. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to integrate mental toughness development and person organization fit strategies into human resource management practices to reduce turnover and support sustainable workforce retention.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fariha Azzahra, Indah Rahayu, Rosmala Kurnia Dewi, Wahyu Hermawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Explaining Tax Avoidance in the Energy Sector: The Role of Financial Distress, Operating Cash Flow, and Environmental Uncertainty
Tax avoidance is a tax planning strategy used by companies to minimize tax liabilities within applicable regulations. Although legally permitted, this practice may reduce government tax revenue, particularly in the energy sector, where companies often report Cash Effective Tax Rates (CETR) below the statutory tax rate. This study aims to examine the effects of financial distress, operating cash flow, and environmental uncertainty on tax avoidance in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2020-2024. This research employed a quantitative approach using the secondary data obtained from the annual financial reports. The sample consisted of 17 energy companies selected through a purposive sampling technique, and it resulted in 85 observations. The data were analyzed using a panel data regression with a fixed effects model. The tax avoidance was measured using the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The results indicated that financial distress, operating cash flow, and environmental uncertainty simultaneously affected tax avoidance. Partially, financial distress had no significant effect on tax avoidance, while operating cash flow and environmental uncertainty had a significant positive effect. Thus, these findings provided insights for tax authorities in strengthening risk-based tax supervision and for companies in formulating more prudent and transparent tax policies to support corporate sustainability and tax compliance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Try Liani, Maya Safira Dewi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Decade of Capital Structure Research in Emerging-Market Exporters: A Hybrid Bibliometric and Topic Modeling Review
This review synthesises a decade of research on the capital structure of firms in emerging markets and natural resource exporting economies, focusing on a policy relevant gap, namely how foreign exchange and export proceeds regulation shapes corporate financing decisions. The study draws on 779 records retrieved from Scopus and refined through a PRISMA 2020 protocol into 83 indexed articles and reviews published between 2016 and 2026, supplemented by four regional journal studies. It applies a hybrid design that combines bibliometric performance analysis and science mapping with a structural topic model and a Theory, Context, Characteristics and Methodology synthesis framework. The findings show a young but accelerating field, with annual output rising sharply after 2020 and peaking in 2025, concentrated in China, the United States, India and Indonesia, and dominated by quantitative panel and econometric methods. Thematic mapping reveals four research streams, in which firm level determinants of capital structure dominate, while streams most relevant to resource exporters, such as export intensity, trade finance, foreign exchange and currency retention dynamics, and state ownership, remain thinly populated. These results consolidate a fragmented literature and identify the regulation of export proceeds, exemplified by Indonesia's export proceeds retention policy, as an underresearched determinant of leverage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sylvia Sandyazmara Devi, Noer Azam Achsani, Anny Ratnawati, Lukytawati Anggraeni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Financial Distress to Financial Resilience: A Systematic Review of the Determinants and Research Agenda for Oil and Gas Firms in the Energy Transition
The oil and gas (O&G) industry faces a double disruption: structurally higher oil-price volatility and an accelerating net-zero transition that jointly threaten the financial stability of incumbent firms. This study reviews the determinants of financial resilience in O&G firms during the energy transition and consolidates a research agenda. Following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, a Boolean query in Scopus returned 74 records. After removing 5 duplicates and screening 69 records against pre-specified eligibility criteria, 23 studies were retained for synthesis, 22 of them oil-and-gas or energy-firm focused. Evidence was synthesised through an effect-direction matrix and organised with the ADO and TCCM frameworks. The literature converges on a recurrent set of determinants: internally, capital structure and leverage, liquidity, green capital expenditure, and profitability; externally, oil-price volatility, interest rates, and carbon pricing or climate policy. The evidence base remains fragmented and dominated by macro- and policy-level analyses, with limited firm-level dynamic modelling. The review reframes the field from financial distress toward financial resilience, proposes an integrative antecedents–decisions–outcomes framework, and articulates a TCCM-structured research agenda with propositions testable using dynamic panel (GMM) methods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nugroho Setyo Utomo, Hermanto Siregar, Koes Pranowo, Nimmi Zulbainarni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Downstream Contracts and the Protection of National Interests: A Legal Analysis in Indonesia's Industrialization Era
Policy of downstreaming of mining commodities in Indonesia constitutes an important foundation of national industrialization process under Article 33 paragraph (3) of the Constitution of 1945. The policy faces legal conflicts in its implementation due to the existence of the conventional form of commercial contracts based on private liberal laws. The purpose of the normative legal research is to examine the structure of downstreaming contracts and propose a legal model for the reformation of the terms of contracts to protect the national interest in an optimal manner. Statutory and conceptual analysis reveals that the existing terms of downstreaming contracts are still under the shade of the absolute foreign investment protection policy with the help of freeze and ISDS clauses. Strategic commitments like technology transfer, labor absorption in the local population, and environmental assurances become bound in flexible best-effort formulations owing to the inequity in negotiating powers and unsynchronized domestic regulations of various sectors. It is for this reason that this research strongly suggests a complete overhaul of the law involving the inclusion of public law instruments in contracts which are established on lawful reasons (Article 1320 of the Civil Code). This contract should be designed with adaptive provisions, restriction of international arbitration jurisdiction through graduated dispute resolution, and strict liability provisions such as TKDN, milestone technology transfer, environmental guarantees, and majority share divestment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Agus Salim, Agung Arafat Saputra, Iman Imanuddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Mechanism of Forming Corporate Customer Loyalty in Business-to-Business Relationships: A Study of Shipping Companies in Indonesia
: The shipping industry is a capital-intensive business-to-business (B2B) industry characterized by high operational risk and strong dependence on long-term relationships with corporate customers. This study aims to analyse the mechanism of customer loyalty formation in Indonesian shipping companies through the influence of commitment, trust, and relative dependence, both directly and indirectly through customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. The study tested 10 research hypotheses using a quantitative approach through an online cross-sectional survey and Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) analysis. Data were collected from 100 corporate customers of shipping companies in Indonesia selected using purposive sampling, with respondents consisting of companies that had experience in business-to-business (B2B) relationships with shipping companies. The results showed that 7 hypotheses were supported, indicating that commitment, trust, and relative dependence positively affect customer satisfaction, while customer satisfaction positively affects customer loyalty. In addition, commitment and relative dependence were found to have direct effects on customer loyalty, whereas trust did not have a direct effect on customer loyalty. In terms of indirect effects, customer satisfaction only mediated the relationship between trust and customer loyalty but did not mediate the relationships between commitment and relative dependence toward customer loyalty. These findings indicate that customer loyalty in the B2B shipping industry is not only formed through customer satisfaction, but also through relational commitment and structural dependence developed within long-term business relationships.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amalia Purwita Sandi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Work Stress and Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance of Non-Medical at Santa Maria Hospital
Study This aims to determine whether Job Stress and Job Satisfaction are related in general. simultaneous and Partial has a significant effect on employee performance. The population in this study was all employees of the non-medical House Sick Santa Maria Which address Jl. Raya Bantargebang-Setu No. 119 RT 002 RW 006 Padurenan Village, Mustika Jaya District, Bekasi City, West Java 17156, totaling 60 respondents. Based on the results of the study, it states that factors that influence performance exist. This is evidenced by the multiple linear regression equation obtained, namely Y = 7.963 + 0.210X₁ + 0.724X₂. Simultaneously, the results obtained from this study are that the variables of work stress and job satisfaction have a significant effect on employee performance variables, with the results showing that f count > f table of 35.283 f count > f table 3.156. Partially, the results show that variables stress Work influential and significant to performance, with results mark Which show t count 3.119 > t table 2.002 and sig. value 0.003 < 0.05 and job satisfaction variable also has an influence and is significant to performance with the results that show t count as big as 7,297 > 2,002 and sig. value 0.000 < 0.05.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rini Wijayaningsih, Widi Winarso, Hartanti Hartanti, Yani Restiyani Widjaja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Drivers of Local Government Budget Performance: The Moderating Role of Economic Growth in Indonesia
Budget performance has become a crucial indicator of accountability and effectiveness in local government financial management. Despite extensive discussions on public sector budgeting, empirical evidence on the determinants of budget performance and the role of regional economic conditions remains limited. This study investigates the drivers of local government budget performance and examines the moderating role of economic growth in Indonesia. The study employs balanced panel data from 11 local governments in Jambi Province covering the period 2016–2024, resulting in 99 observations. This analysis applies a panel data regression approach to conclude the relationship between fiscal management variables and budget performance. The findings reveal that budget commitment has a significant negative effect on budget performance, whereas budget absorption has a positive and significant effect. In contrast, budget politics does not significantly influence budget performance. Furthermore, economic growth plays a significant moderating role in the relationship between fiscal management variables and budget performance. The moderating model demonstrates stronger explanatory power than the baseline model. These results highlight the importance of regional economic conditions in shaping the effectiveness of public financial management and improving local government budget performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Imelda Andrianty, Haryadi Haryadi, Sri Rahayu, Enggar Diah Puspa Arum, Rico Wijaya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Does ESG Performance Accelerate SDG Convergence? Evidence from Indonesia and Emerging Markets, 2000–2022
This study investigates whether Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance functions as a structural catalyst for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) convergence toward OECD benchmarks among emerging market economies. Positioned at the intersection of international development economics and corporate sustainability research, the paper addresses a clear empirical gap: while prior literature has documented rising ESG disclosure and improving SDG scores in developing nations independently, the conditional relationship between ESG pillar quality and the speed of SDG catching up remains unexamined at the country level, particularly in Southeast Asia. Using the Sustainable Development Report 2023 (N = 166 countries) and the SDG Index 2000–2022 panel dataset (4,140 observations), this study applies a four-stage methodological framework comprising Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric group tests, beta-convergence regression, Spearman rank correlation analysis, and an ESG-SDG gap decomposition aligned with the three-pillar ESG taxonomy. Results reveal significant unconditional beta-convergence in global SDG performance (β = −0.0042, p < .001), confirming that lower-scoring countries improve faster. Indonesia presents a compelling case: it records the strongest SDG 9 improvement trajectory in ASEAN (slope = +3.807 points per year, R² = 0.872 post-2015) yet remains 35.0 points below the OECD average on industry and innovation—its largest governance-pillar gap. Spearman correlations identify SDGs 3, 1, 9, and 16 as the most structurally embedded goals in overall national SDG performance (ρ > 0.84). The analysis maps each critical gap onto the corresponding ESG pillar, showing that Governance-aligned SDGs carry the deepest absolute deficits. These findings suggest that targeted governance ESG improvements—in supply chain accountability, board transparency, and institutional R&D investment—represent the highest-leverage pathway for Indonesia and comparable emerging economies to accelerate SDG convergence. Policy implications center on OJK regulatory enhancement and Bappenas-aligned ESG-SDG co-investment frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nelyumna Rizal, Eka Sudarmaji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial Governance and Accountability of Tourism Villages in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Financial governance and accountability play a crucial role in ensuring the sustainability of tourism villages in Indonesia by promoting transparency, efficient financial management, and community participation. However, existing studies remain fragmented and predominantly focus on individual case studies, limiting a comprehensive understanding of this research field. This study aims to systematically review and map the scientific development of financial governance and accountability in Indonesian tourism villages by integrating a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with bibliometric analysis. Literature was collected from the Scopus database following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, while bibliometric mapping was conducted using Bibliometrix and VOSviewer to examine publication trends, collaboration patterns, citation structures, and thematic evolution. The findings reveal a steady increase in research over the past decade, reflecting growing scholarly attention to governance and sustainable rural tourism. Nevertheless, the literature remains multidisciplinary and conceptually fragmented. Transparency, accountability, community participation, institutional capacity, and good governance emerge as the dominant themes, whereas digital financial governance, internal auditing, financial risk management, and performance measurement remain underexplored. This study contributes by providing an integrated overview of the intellectual landscape and identifying research gaps that may guide future studies and support evidence-based policy for sustainable tourism village governance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rieke Sri Rizki Asti Karini, Khairul Fajri, Sharon Christine Yumaningsih, Heni Novia Fitri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Performance-Based Budgeting Implementation Model at the Deputy for Marketing, Ministry of Tourism
Performance-based budgeting is an important approach to promoting effective, efficient, transparent, and accountable public financial governance. This research is motivated by the suboptimal implementation of performance-based budgeting at the Deputy for Marketing, Ministry of Tourism, as indicated by low scores in several budget implementation indicators, findings from the Audit Board of Indonesia, and evaluation results from the Inspectorate showing that internal evaluation has not been fully optimized. This study aims to analyze the factors causing the suboptimal implementation of performance-based budgeting and to formulate an implementation model for the Deputy for Marketing. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were obtained through interviews with key informants and document review of planning documents, budgeting documents, budget implementation documents, performance reports, evaluation results, and relevant policy documents. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The results show that performance-based budgeting has been implemented, but it has not yet been optimal because the linkage between budget, activities, outputs, and outcomes has not been strongly and measurably established. The influencing factors include leadership style, organizational commitment, quality of resources, and reward and punishment mechanisms. This study recommends a model that integrates these factors with the roles of implementing actors through the stages of setting indicators, preparing budget documents, reporting, evaluation, and utilizing performance information.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elgy Andrian, R N Afsdy Saksono, Edy Sutrisno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Exploring the Implementation of the Pension Program for Severance Compensation as a Prefunding Mechanism for Post-Employment Benefits: A Reflective Case Study of a Financial Services Company
Post-employment benefit obligations create long-term financial and organizational challenges for companies, particularly when future benefit payments are exposed to liquidity constraints and regulatory changes. Although prefunding has been widely discussed in pension and accounting literature, limited empirical attention has been given to how Indonesian companies implement the Pension Program for Severance Compensation (Program Pensiun untuk Kompensasi Pesangon, PPUKP) as a context-specific mechanism for funding post-employment benefits. This study explores the implementation of PPUKP through a reflective single-case study of a financial services company in Indonesia. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with internal stakeholders and analysis of actuarial reports, internal policy documents, tax-related documents, implementation records, and financial data. The findings show that PPUKP was not implemented as a rigid full-funding mechanism, but as an adaptive and partial prefunding scheme shaped by liquidity conditions, funding capacity, regulatory considerations, governance arrangements, and stakeholder perceptions. The program helped reduce direct pressure on operational cash flow, while introducing managerial concerns related to funding adequacy, contribution sustainability, third-party fund governance, and stakeholder trust. This study contributes by positioning PPUKP as an organizational process that negotiates trade-offs between prudence, liquidity flexibility, risk management, governance, and internal legitimacy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Thomas Kukuh Yudiantoko, Dony Abdul Chalid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Investigating The Performance Of SMEs in Urban Areas: Does The Issue of Literacy, Skills, and Digital Marketing Matter?
This research aims to develop a theoretical proposition for the business performance of SMEs in urban areas. Urban areas are highly strategic as they are the easiest to reach for cultural and policy changes. Therefore, this study examines how urban communities manage SMEs. Urban areas compete to provide education and training for developing SMEs and even digital start-up businesses. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a thorough evaluation of the program's effectiveness. The economic sector must address the problem of income and welfare inequality among the urban poor. We used a quantitative research method to analyze the direct and indirect influence of digital literacy, business skills, and digital marketing on the business performance of SMEs in urban areas. We analyzed the test data using smart PLS. The modelingWe bootstrap the modeling results using the goodness of fit criteria to generalize them to urban business development in developing countries. results show that digital literacy, business skills, and digital marketing are the main predictors of the business performance of SMEs in urban areas. This research also explains theoretical measurement factors for future researchers and describes, explains, and measures the business performance of SMEs in urban areas based on this theoretical study. The results of this research succeeded in testing eight hypotheses and rejecting one, namely that the influence of digital literacy on business development was not significant. Future researchers can further develop this research empirically using exploratory factor analysis or confirmatory factor analysis, utilizing a larger population and sample size.
Copyright (c) 2026 Afrizal Hendra, Tuty Sariwulan, Abdul Ghofar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Leadership in Digital Transformation of the Public Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Digital transformation in the public sector is a complex and multidimensional change process in which leadership plays a central yet insufficiently mapped role in the literature. This study aims to systematically review the literature on leadership in public sector digital transformation to identify dominant leadership roles, success factors, and barriers. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach based on the Scopus database with PRISMA selection flow, this study examined 33 articles from 398 initial records published between 2015 and 2025. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer to map research trends and clusters. The results reveal three main findings: (1) transformational, digital, and strategic leadership are the most dominant roles, forming a complementary triad model; (2) organizational culture, digital capability, and stakeholder engagement are the key determinants of transformation success; and (3) institutional-bureaucratic barriers, leadership capability gaps, and human resource resistance are the most critical challenges. This study concludes that the success of digital transformation in the public sector is not determined by technology investment alone, but by leadership maturity that integrates strategic vision, organizational agility, and public value simultaneously.
Copyright (c) 2026 Teuku Riefky Harsya, Rian Firmansyah, Tumpal Raines Napitupulu, Poltak Maruli John Liberty Hutagaol https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organizational Climate and Vocational High School Teachers’ Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment in Batam, Indonesia
Teacher performance in vocational high schools is crucial in preparing students to meet the demands of the workforce. However, empirical evidence regarding the influence of organizational factors on teacher performance in vocational education remains limited. Therefore, this study examines the influence of organizational climate on teacher performance, with organizational commitment as a mediating variable. A quantitative survey design was used to collect data from 174 vocational high school teachers in Batam, Indonesia. The collected data were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL 8.8 software. The statistical findings of the study (Path coefficients: OCL→ OCO = 0.91, t=14.88; OCO → VTP = 0.32, t = 4.29; OCL→ VTP = 0.63, t = 7.43; mediation effect = 0.29, t = 4.16), indicate that organizational climate has a significant positive influence on both organizational commitment and teacher performance. Furthermore, organizational commitment was found to act as a partial mediator. Among the variables studied, organizational climate had the most dominant direct effect on teacher performance. The novelty of this study lies in the role of organizational commitment as a partial mediator of organizational climate in enhancing teacher performance at vocational schools in industrial and free trade zones. These findings offer practical insights for school administrators to foster an organizational climate, specifically a school environment that provides a sense of security to strengthen teacher commitment and improve teacher performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rudi Yanto Batara Silalahi, Sahara Sahara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role Of Business Communication In Enhancing Consumer Purchase Intention In The Digital Era
This study examines how business communication shapes consumer purchase intention in the digital era, integrating external strategies (digital marketing, branding) with internal dynamics (employee engagement, organizational culture). Using a qualitative systematic literature review guided by PRISMA, 22 peer-reviewed articles (2019-2024) were identified from four databases (Google Scholar, Scopus, DOAJ, Garuda) and analyzed through critical thematic synthesis. Five dominant themes emerged: digital marketing strengthens brand visibility and purchase intention (14 articles); brand trust mediates communication exposure and purchase decisions (8 articles); transparent internal communication reinforces external communication effectiveness (5 articles); digital transformation shifts communication from broadcast to interactive engagement (7 articles); and AI-driven personalization raises purchase intention while introducing ethical tensions (3 articles). Contradictions emerged across crisis contexts and industries; notably, COVID-19-era purchase intention was partly driven by panic-buying rather than brand loyalty, showing that crisis conditions can distort the communication-intention relationship (Naeem, 2021). Organizations must therefore align internal communication culture with external digital marketing to sustain consumer trust. Theoretically, this study positions integrated communication capability as a Resource-Based View asset that bridges external marketing communication and internal organizational communication, demonstrating their interdependence as a source of sustainable competitive advantage.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hardi Utomo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Organizational Transformation in Hybrid Contexts: Integrating Ambidexterity and Dynamic Capabilities – A Systematic Literature Review
This study aims to examine and integrate the perspectives of ambidexterity and dynamic capabilities in explaining organizational transformation, particularly within hybrid organizational contexts. Although both perspectives have been widely applied in strategic management literature, prior studies tend to treat them separately, resulting in a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying organizational transformation. This study employs a systematic literature review approach following the PRISMA protocol. Data were collected from Scopus and Web of Science databases, focusing on peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2010 and 2025. The selection process involved identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion stages to ensure the quality and relevance of the selected studies. The findings indicate that ambidexterity plays a critical role in balancing exploration and exploitation, while dynamic capabilities function as key mechanisms through sensing, seizing, and transforming processes. The integration of these perspectives provides a more comprehensive framework for understanding how organizations achieve sustained transformation, particularly in managing the complexity of institutional logics within hybrid contexts. This study contributes to the literature by developing an integrated conceptual framework linking ambidexterity and dynamic capabilities in organizational transformation. It also identifies key research gaps and proposes a future research agenda, particularly in the context of hybrid organizations and dynamic institutional environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kurniana Kurniana, Bambang Juanda, Anny Ratnawati, Zenal Asikin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Talent Management and Lecturer Performance: The Moderating Role of Technostress
Talent management has become an important strategic approach in higher education to enhance lecturer performance, particularly amid the digital transformation that has increased lecturers’ exposure to technology-related work demands. In this context, lecturer performance may depend not only on institutional talent management practices but also on lecturers’ ability to cope with digital work pressures. This study examines the effect of talent management on lecturer performance and the moderating role of technostress among lecturers in higher education institutions. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 200 lecturers from public and private higher education institutions in West Java Province, Indonesia. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that talent management has a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance, whereas technostress has a negative and significant effect. In addition, technostress significantly moderates the relationship between talent management and lecturer performance, such that the positive effect of talent management becomes weaker when technostress is higher. These findings indicate that the effectiveness of talent management in improving lecturer performance depends partly on lecturers’ digital work conditions. This study contributes to higher education human resource management literature by integrating talent management and technostress within a single model of lecturer performance. Practically, higher education institutions should strengthen talent management systems while simultaneously reducing technology-related work pressures through digital support, training, and more manageable academic work systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sriwardani Sriwardani, Eggi Indriani Pratami, Fajar Eryanto Septiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Board Composition and Greenwashing: Does Managerial Ownership Matter?
Awareness of environmental issues has become a focus for all parties. United Nations has focused on sustainability, and Indonesia has joined in supporting efforts to address it. This has led the Indonesian government to issue regulations requiring companies to participate in sustainability initiatives and report on them. Many have submitted sustainability reports, yet numerous companies still receive low ratings from the Ministry of Environment regarding their concrete actions on sustainability. This may indicate greenwashing. To address this issue, effective corporate governance is necessary, particularly through board size and board gender diversity. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of board size and board diversity on greenwashing, with managerial ownership serving as a moderator. The research method used in this study is quantitative research. The research subjects are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that employ a two-tier board structure, dividing the board into the board of directors and the board of commissioners. The results of this study indicate that neither the size of the board of directors nor that of the board of commissioners influences greenwashing. Gender diversity among board directors and commissioners reduces greenwashing. Managerial ownership only strengthens the influence of board diversity on greenwashing.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Ramadhani, Rahmawati Rahmawati, Junaid M. Shaikh, Sri Murni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0