Optimum Value for Zinc Removal from Saponin-Based Soil Washing Across soils at Onyeama Dumpsite, Enugu State
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/gijes.v3i2.545Keywords:
Remediation, Surfactant, Heavy metal, Batch experiment and SaponinAbstract
High reduction in the size of available land for agriculture has been a major problem facing most farmers today. The adoption of available plant based surfactants is yet to gain attention in south eastern Nigeria. This study was conducted to ascertain the level of Zinc removal from heavy metal contaminated dumpsites. Soil samples (C1, C2 and C3) were collected from the dumpsite and taken to the laboratory for analytical procedure. Saponin was also extracted from siam weed to aid the process of batch experiment for the removal of Zinc from contaminated soil. The result of the study showed that the optimum value for Zinc removal with saponin for soils C1, C2 and C3 were 96%, 99% and 100% respectively. It is recommended that saponin from Siam weed be adopted for the removal of Zinc from contaminated soil.
References
Bongoua-Devisme A, Bi EB, Kassin K, Balland-BolouBi C, Gueable, Y. (2018). Assessment of heavy metal contamination degree of municipal open-air dumpsite on soils: Case of dumpsite of Bonoua, Ivory Coast. Int J Eng Res Gen Sci. 6.
Dermont, G., Bergeron, M., Mercier, G., and Richer-Laflèche, M. (2008). Soil Washing for Metal Removal: A Review of Physical/chemical Technologies and Field Applications. J. Hazard. Mater. 152, 1–31. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.043.
Feng, C., Chen,Y., Zhang, S., Wang, G., Zhong,Q., Zhou, W., Xu, X., Li, T.(2020). Removal of lead, zinc and cadmium from contaminated soils with two plant extracts: Mechanism and potential risks. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,Volume 187
Feng, W., Zhang, S., Zhong, Q., Wang, G., Pan, X., Xu, X.. (2020). Soil Washing Remediation of Heavy Metal from Contaminated Soil with EDTMP and PAA: Properties, Optimization, and Risk Assessment. J. Hazard. Mater. 381, 120997. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120997.
Ferronato N, Torretta V.(2019). Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16:1060. DOI:10.3390/ijerph16061060 Avaialble:www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph.
Gul, R., Jan, S.U., Syed. F., Sherani. F., Nusrat. J.(2017). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantiotative Analysis of Alkaloids and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Plant Extracts from Ephedra intermedia indeginous to Balochistan. The scientific World Journal. 1-7.
Harborne, J.B. (1998) Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. Chapman & Hall Publications.
He, Z., Shentu, J., Yang, X., Baligar, V. C., Zhang, T., and Stoffella, P. J. (2015). Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils: Sources, Indicators, and Assessment. J. Environ. Indic. 9, 17–18.
Jez, E., and Lestan, D. (2016). EDTA Retention and Emissions from Remediated Soil. Chemosphere 151, 202–209. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.088.
Liu, L., Li, W., Song, W., & Guo, M. (2018). Remediation techniques for heavy metalcontaminated soils: principles and applicability. Science of The Total Environment, 633, 206- 219. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2018.03.161.
Liu, J., Xue, J., and Wei, X. (2019). Research Progress of Surfactant Washing for Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil. Chin. J. Soil Sci. 50 (1), 240–245.
Luna, J. M., Rufino, R. D. & Sarubbo, L. A. (2016). Biosurfactant from Candida sphaerica UCP0995 exhibiting heavy metal remediation properties. Process Safety and Environmental Protection.
Mukhopadhyay S, Mukherjee S, Hashim MA, Sahu J N, Martinez-villegas N, & Sen Gupta B. (2018). Zinc removal from soil by washing with saponin obtained from sapindus mukorossi journal of environmental analytical chemistry; 5(4): 1- 9.
Sanni, L. O. (2007). Cassava post-harvest needs assessment survey in Nigeria. IITA. p. 165. ISBN978 131- 265- 3. Retrieved fromhttps://books.google.com/books?id=O5IfW0Zboc MC&pg=PA165.
Saponaro, S., Bonomo, L., Barbafieri, M., and Petruzzelli, G. (2002). Soil Washing Feasibility at a Manufacturing Gas Plant Site. Soil Sediment Contam. An Int. J. 11 (5), 751–767. doi:10.1080/20025891107078.
Siddiqui AA and Ali M; (1997); Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry; 1st ed.; CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, pp: 126-131.
Silva, G.O., Abeysundara, A.T., Aponso, M.M.(2017). Extraction methods, qualitative and quantitative techniques for screening of phytochemicals from plants. American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products. 5(2):29-32.
Trease G.E., Evans W.C. Pharmacognosy. Bailliere Tindall Limited; London, UK: 1989. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy; pp. 376–480. [Google Scholar]
Ugwu, E. C.(2019). Remediation of Contaminated Soil in Copper Mining Areas Using Plant-Based Surfactants. Ph.D Desertation. www.ros.hw.ac.uk.
Ugwu, E. C., Gupta, B. S., Adebayo, A. & Martínez-Villegas, N.(2021a) Column experiment for the removal of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc from artificially contaminated soil using EDTA, rhamnolipids, and soapnut. Eur. J. Environ. Earth Sci. 2(2), 1–7. . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24018.
USEPA, (1996). Acid digestion of sludges, solids and soils, USEPA 3050B, In SW-846 Pt 1. Office of Solid and Hazardous Wastes, USEPA, Cincinnati.
USEPA (2004). Summary of Status Report Updates, Changes, and Deletions, Appendix D of Treatment Technologies for Site Clean up: Annual Status Report. 11th ed. Washington, DC: Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. EPA 542-R-03-009.
USEPA (2005). Superfund Programs’ Proposed Plan, Myers Property Site. New York, NY: USEPA. Region II. July, 2005.
Vongdala, N., Tran, H. D., Xuan, T. D., Teschke, R., & Khanh, T. D. (2019). Heavy metal accumulation in water, soil, and plants of a municipal solid waste landfill in Vientiane, Laos. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(1), 22.
Wang, G., Pan, X., Zhang, S., Zhong, Q., Zhou, W., Zhang, X.(2020). Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Biodegradable ChelatorInduced Washing: Efficiencies and Mechanisms. Environ. Res. 186, 109554. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2020.109 554.
Wei, M., Chen, J., and Wang, X. (2016). Removal of Arsenic and Cadmium with Sequential Soil Washing Techniques Using Na2EDTA, Oxalic and Phosphoric Acid: Optimization Conditions, Removal Effectiveness and Ecological Risks. Chemosphere 156, 252–261. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.106.
World Health Organization Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations Rome, (2014). Pesticide residues in food Evaluations Part I – Residues.
Zhang, Y., Dai, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, X., Xiao, Y., and Pei, Q. (2021a). Hydrochemistry, Quality and Potential Health Risk Appraisal of Nitrate Enriched Groundwater in the Nanchong Area, Southwestern China. Sci. Total Environ. 784, 147186. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147186
Zhang, Y., He, Z., Tian, H., Huang, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., et al. (2021b). Hydrochemistry Appraisal, Quality Assessment and Health Risk Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater in the Mianyang Area of Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. Environ. Earth Sci. 80 (17), 576. doi:10.1007/ s12665-021-09894-y
Zhang, Y., Dai, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, X., Xiao, Y., and Pei, Q. (2021a). Hydrochemistry, Quality and Potential Health Risk Appraisal of Nitrate Enriched Groundwater in the Nanchong Area, Southwestern China. Sci. Total Environ. 784, 147186. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147186
Zhang, Y., He, Z., Tian, H., Huang, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., et al. (2021b). Hydrochemistry Appraisal, Quality Assessment and Health Risk Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater in the Mianyang Area of Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. Environ. Earth Sci. 80 (17), 576. doi:10.1007/ s12665-021-09894-y
Zhang, Y., Dai, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, X., Xiao, Y., and Pei, Q. (2021a). Hydrochemistry, Quality and Potential Health Risk Appraisal of Nitrate Enriched Groundwater in the Nanchong Area, Southwestern China. Sci. Total Environ. 784, 147186. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147186
Zhang, Y., He, Z., Tian, H., Huang, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., et al. (2021b). Hydrochemistry Appraisal, Quality Assessment and Health Risk Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater in the Mianyang Area of Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. Environ. Earth Sci. 80 (17), 576. doi:10.1007/ s12665-021-09894-y
Zhang, Y., He, Z., Tian, H., Huang, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y., et al. (2021b). Hydrochemistry Appraisal, Quality Assessment and Health Risk Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater in the Mianyang Area of Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. Environ. Earth Sci. 80 (17), 576. doi:10.1007/ s12665-021-09894-y
Zhang, Y., Dai, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, X., Xiao, Y., and Pei, Q. (2021a). Hydrochemistry, Quality and Potential Health Risk Appraisal of Nitrate Enriched Groundwater in the Nanchong Area, Southwestern China. Sci. Total Environ. 784, 147186. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147186.
Zhang, Y., He, Z., Tian, H., Huang, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y. (2021b). Hydrochemistry Appraisal, Quality Assessment and Health Risk Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater in the Mianyang Area of Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. Environ. Earth Sci. 80 (17), 576. doi:10.1007/ s12665-021-09894-y
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Alexander Chidiebere Okoro, Louis Chukwuemeka Orakwe, Chike Pius Nwachukwu, Ella Ifeanyi Ugwu, Elijah Chibuzo Ugwu, Kenneth Eze, Chukwuemeka Obumneme Umobi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright:
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- Copyright in each article belongs to the author.
- The author acknowledges that Greenation International Journal of Engineering Science (GIJES) has the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange the distribution of non-exclusive manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (for example, sent to the author's institutional repository, publication in books, etc.), acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in GIJES.
