Implementation of Child-Friendly Justice Principles in the Criminal Justice System: Preventing Secondary Victimization among Child Victims of Violence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v4i2.1017Keywords:
Child-Friendly Justice, Secondary Victimization, Child Victims of Violence, Criminal Justice System, Child ProtectionAbstract
Child victims of violence involved in the criminal justice system are vulnerable to secondary victimization due to various legal procedures that may cause psychological distress and retraumatization. This condition highlights the importance of implementing child-friendly justice principles as a means of safeguarding children throughout legal proceedings. This study aims to analyze the implementation of child-friendly justice principles within the Indonesian criminal justice system and to identify their contribution to preventing secondary victimization among child victims of violence. This study contributes to the literature by examining child-friendly justice as a preventive framework against secondary victimization and by linking international child protection standards with the Indonesian criminal justice system. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches. Research data were collected through library research, encompassing legislation, international legal instruments, scholarly literature, and relevant previous studies. Data were analyzed qualitatively through interpretation, comparison, and evaluation of legal provisions and concepts related to child protection. The findings indicate that child-friendly justice principles have been incorporated into various national regulations; however, their implementation continues to face challenges, including limited child-friendly facilities, inadequate professional competence among law enforcement officials, and insufficient support services. The application of child-friendly interview rooms, single-interview procedures, psychological assistance, identity protection, and the involvement of trained personnel has been shown to contribute to reducing the risk of secondary victimization. Therefore, strengthening the implementation of child-friendly justice principles is essential to establishing a criminal justice system that is more responsive to the protection and recovery of child victims of violence.
References
Aprilianda, N., Ansori, A., Maharani, F., Ferdian, A., & Solehuddin. (2025). Re-conceptualizing child victim rights: A normative and comparative analysis of victim impact statement in Indonesia's juvenile justice system. Jambura Law Review, 7(2), 442–467. https://doi.org/10.33756/jlr.v7i2.30132
Bachmid, A. A. (2025). Perlindungan anak dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak. Iuris Studia: Jurnal Kajian Hukum.
Campbell, R. (2005). What really happened? A validation study of rape survivors' help-seeking experiences with the legal and medical systems. Violence and Victims, 20(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1891/vivi.20.1.55
Chandra, T. Y. (2023). Penerapan restorative justice dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak di Indonesia. Al-Mashlahah: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial, 11(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.30868/am.v11i01.3827
Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2009). General Comment No. 12 (2009): The right of the child to be heard (CRC/C/GC/12). United Nations. https://www.refworld.org/docid/4ae562c52.html
Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2013). General Comment No. 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration (CRC/C/GC/14). United Nations. https://www.refworld.org/docid/51a84b5e4.html
Council of Europe. (2011). Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on child-friendly justice. Council of Europe Publishing. https://rm.coe.int/16804b2cf3?.
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia, Komisi VIII. (2023, November 13). Polri diminta perkuat Unit Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak. DPR RI. https://pks.id/content/polri-diminta-perkuat-unit-perlindungan-perempuan-dan-anak
Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., LaSelva, D., & Green, A. (2020). Lifetime victimization and adversity among children and youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 107, 104602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104602
Fitriani, R. (2016). Peranan penyelenggara perlindungan anak dalam melindungi dan memenuhi hak-hak anak. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, 11(2), 250–258. https://ejurnalunsam.id/index.php/jhsk/article/view/42
Ghoni, M. R., & Pujiyono. (2020). Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum melalui implementasi diversi di Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia, 2(3), 331–342. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v2i3.331-342
Goodman-Brown, T. B., Edelstein, R. S., Goodman, G. S., Jones, D. P. H., & Gordon, D. S. (2003). Why children tell: A model of children's disclosure of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(5), 525–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00037-1
Hukum Indonesia, 5(2), 358–373. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v5i2.358-373
Ibrahim, J. (2019). Teori dan metodologi penelitian hukum normatif. Bayumedia Publishing.
Ingratubun, Y., Toule, E. R. M., & Wadjo, H. Z. (2023). Diversi dalam penanganan anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak. Pattimura Legal Journal, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.47268/pela.v2i3.10676
J-CEKI: Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah. (2025). Peranan Unit Pelayanan Perempuan dan Anak Satreskrim Polresta Kupang Kota dalam perlindungan terhadap anak korban pencabulan disertai kekerasan. J-CEKI, 5(1). https://al-haramjournal.id/index.php/J-CEKI/article/download/12445/9372/31091
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia (Kemen PPPA). (2024). Analisis Tematik Survei Nasional Pengalaman Hidup Anak dan Remaja (SNPHAR) 2024. Kemen PPPA. https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/siaran-pers/analisis-tematik-snphar-2024-tunjukan-separuh-anak-indonesia-alami-kekerasan-kemen-pppa-serukan-kolaborasi-nasional
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Republik Indonesia (Kemen PPPA). (2025). Data SIMFONI-PPA: Sistem Informasi Online Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak Tahun 2024–2025. Kemen PPPA. https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/siaran-pers/simfoni-ppa-v3-tingkatkan-layanan-perlindungan-perempuan-dan-anak
Kilkelly, U., & Pleysier, S. (2023). Rights of the child in the child justice system. Youth Justice, 23(2), 135–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/14732254231185820
Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI). (2024, Mei). KPAI dan Polda Metro Jaya konferensi pers tentang kasus kekerasan seksual terhadap anak balita. KPAI. https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/kpai-dan-polda-metro-jaya-konferensi-pers-tentang-kasus-kekerasan-seksual-terhadap-anak-balita
Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI). (2025). Laporan Tahunan KPAI 2024: Jalan Terjal Perlindungan Anak — Ancaman Serius Generasi Emas Indonesia. KPAI. https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/laporan-tahunan-kpai-jalan-terjal-perlindungan-anak-ancaman-serius-generasi-emas-indonesia
Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI). (2026, Juni). KPAI dorong intervensi khusus untuk anak di wilayah 3T: Hak kesehatan tidak boleh ditentukan oleh tempat anak dilahirkan. KPAI. https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/kpai-dorong-intervensi-khusus-untuk-anak-di-wilayah-3t-hak-kesehatan-tidak-boleh-ditentukan-oleh-tempat-anak-dilahirkan
Lubis, M. A. (2025). Comparative implementation of child protection law between Indonesia and the Netherlands: A study of juvenile justice system. Meta Hukum: Jurnal Hukum dan Kemasyarakatan, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.47652/metahukum.v4i3.890
Marzuki, P. M. (2021). Penelitian hukum (Edisi revisi). Kencana.
Mubarok, N. (2023). Perlindungan hukum anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam perspektif fiqh jinayah. Al-Jinayah: Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam, 9(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.15642/aj.2023.9.2.195-218
Muliani, S., Kasim, A., Ahmad, J., & Nonci, N. (2023). Reformulasi syarat pelaksanaan diversi dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak di Indonesia. Jurnal Pembangunan
Nova, E., & Afrizal, R. (2023). Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. UNES Journal of Swara Justisia, 6(4), 480–493. https://doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v6i4.298
Nugraha, A. S., Mahmutarom, & Prakoso, A. P. (2025). Effectiveness of implementing restorative justice in resolution of child crimes. International Journal of Law Reconstruction, 9(2), 309–323. https://doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v9i2.48901
Nurmala, L. D., & Hanapi, Y. (2023). Kajian perlindungan hukum terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v3i1.1801
Orth, U. (2002). Secondary victimization of crime victims by criminal proceedings. Social Justice Research, 15(4), 313–325. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021210323461
Pertiwi, Y. W., & Saimima, I. D. S. (2022). The role of social control and optimization of restorative justice policy on juvenile offending. Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, 11(1), 109–133. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.11.1.2022.109-133
Pertiwi, Y. W., Hutahaean, E. S. H., Muminin, A., & Reza, I. F. (2025). Deviant behavior in religious schools: The interplay of psychological safety, sanctions, and academic commitmen. https://journal.staihubbulwathan.id/index.php/alishlah/article/view/6491
Pertiwi, Y. W., Muminin, A., & Saputra, R. (2026). Family as a safe space: A descriptive examination of psychological safety, parenting practices, and parent–child emotional relationships. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary, 4(4). https://greenpub.org/IJAM/article/view/1883
Pinandito, R. A., & Sugiharto, R. (2023). Legal protection for children in conflict with the law through virtual courts: Implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Jurnal Akta, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.30659/akta.v10i1.30027
Putri, D. D. P. (2023). Sounding the justice for child: Does restorative justice matters? Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 4(3), 303–324. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v4i3.68106
Republik Indonesia. (1945). Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. https://www.dpr.go.id
Republik Indonesia. (2012). Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id
Republik Indonesia. (2014). Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id
Saputri, R. M., Wahyuni, F., & Muhsin, M. (2024). Analisis kebijakan dalam hukum pidana perlindungan anak pada pembaruan sistem peradilan pidana anak di Indonesia. Selodang Mayang, 10(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.47521/selodangmayang.v10i2.407
Senandi, W. A. A., & Krey, T. H. M. Y. (2024). Analisis tentang penanganan anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dalam sistem peradilan pidana. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum. https://doi.org/10.55551/jip.v6i1.430
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2018). Penelitian hukum normatif: Suatu tinjauan singkat. RajaGrafindo Persada.
Sutanto, P., & Rahaditya, R. (2024). Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak di Indonesia. UNES Law Review, 6(4), 10361–10367. https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2022
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2009). Justice in matters involving child victims and witnesses of crime: Model law and related commentary. United Nations. https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/hb_justice_in_matters.pdf
United Nations. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. United Nations Treaty Series, 1577, 3. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child
Van Niekerk, S., & Coetzee, L. (2020). Secondary victimisation of child victims in the criminal justice system. Child Abuse Research in South Africa, 21(1), 20–31.
Walklate, S. (2018). Victimology: The victim and the criminal justice process (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Wemmers, J. A. (2018). Victims in the criminal justice system. Routledge.
World Health Organization. (2022). World mental health report: Transforming mental health for all. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240049338
Zweigert, K., & Kötz, H. (1998). An introduction to comparative law (3rd ed.; T. Weir, Trans.). Oxford University Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Anggreany Haryani Putri, Endang Hadrian, Trias Saputra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright :
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- Copyright in each article belongs to the author.
- The author acknowledges that the Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (GIJLSS) has the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (for example, sent to the author's institutional repository, publication in a book, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time at GIJLSS.
