Optimizing Non-Conviction-Based Asset Forfeiture in Indonesia: Strengthening the Legal Framework for Criminal Asset Recovery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v4i4.1495Keywords:
Asset Forfeiture, Non-Conviction-Based Asset Forfeiture, Asset Recovery, Criminal OffensesAbstract
Criminal asset forfeiture is an important instrument for eliminating the economic benefits of crime and strengthening asset recovery. However, Indonesia's existing forfeiture mechanisms remain largely dependent on criminal proceedings and are fragmented across sectoral legislation, creating limitations when an offender cannot be prosecuted or a criminal conviction cannot be obtained. This study aims to examine the limitations of Indonesia's existing legal framework and formulate an optimized framework for Non-Conviction-Based Asset Forfeiture (NCB Asset Forfeiture) to strengthen criminal asset recovery. This normative legal study employs statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches, with Switzerland and the Philippines serving as comparative jurisdictions. The findings demonstrate that Indonesia already has several mechanisms with NCB characteristics, particularly within the anti-money laundering regime, but lacks a comprehensive, autonomous, and uniform framework. Optimizing NCB Asset Forfeiture requires an independent in rem proceeding, clearly defined evidentiary standards, judicial oversight, protection of bona fide third parties, proportionality, and a transparent and accountable asset management system. Such a framework is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of criminal asset recovery while maintaining legality, due process of law, and protection of property rights.
References
Accountability Report. (2020). Working group responses to the 2020 accountability report questionnaire.
Atmasasmita, R. (2007). Hukum pidana internasional. Program Pascasarjana UNPAD.
Bartels, L. (2010). A review of confiscation schemes in Australia. SSRN.
Clarke, B. (2010). A man’s home is his castle—or is it? How to take houses from people without convicting them of anything. Criminal Law Journal, 28(5).
Datuan, M. S. (2017). Asset recovery dalam tindak pidana korupsi melalui instrumen Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. USU Law Journal, 5(2).
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia. (n.d.). Program Legislasi Nasional 2015–2019. DPR RI
Efendi, A., & Susanti, D. O. (2015). Penelitian hukum (Legal research). Sinar Grafika.
Ginting, J. (2011). Perjanjian internasional dalam pengembalian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 11(3).
Greenberg, T. S., Samuel, L., Grant, W., & Gray, L. (2009). Stolen asset recovery: A good practices guide for non-conviction based asset forfeiture. World Bank.
Ibrahim, J. (2012). Teori dan metodologi penelitian hukum normatif (6th ed.). Bayumedia Publishing.
Indonesia Corruption Watch. (2022). Laporan penelitian urgensi pengaturan sita jaminan dalam penanganan perkara tindak pidana korupsi.
Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia. (n.d.). Sosialisasi RUU tentang perampasan aset tindak pidana. Kementerian Hukum dan HAM RI
Marzuki, P. M. (2021). Penelitian hukum: Edisi revisi. Prenadamedia Group.
Ramelan, et al. (2012). Laporan akhir naskah akademik Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang perampasan aset tindak pidana. Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional.
Romantz, D. S. (1994). Civil forfeiture and the Constitution: A legislative abrogation of right and the judicial response. Suffolk University Law Review, 28.
Saputra, R. (2017). Tantangan penerapan NCB Asset Forfeiture dalam RUU perampasan aset di Indonesia. Anti-Corruption Clearing House. Anti-Corruption Clearing House
Saputra, R. (2017). Tantangan penerapan perampasan aset tanpa tuntutan pidana (Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture) dalam RUU perampasan aset di Indonesia. Jurnal Integritas, 3(1).
Simser, J. (2006). The significance of money laundering: The example of the Philippines. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 9(3).
Simser, J. (2008). Perspectives on civil forfeiture. University of Hong Kong.
Sudarto. (2017). Mekanisme perampasan aset dengan menggunakan Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture sebagai upaya pengembalian kerugian negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi. Jurnal Pascasarjana Hukum UNS, 1(1).
Sudut Hukum. (n.d.). Hukum perampasan aset di Swiss. Sudut Hukum
Vlasic, M. V., & Cooper, G. (n.d.). Fast cash: Recovering stolen assets. Americas Quarterly. Americas Quarterly
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Aditya Rachman Rosadi, Azkiya Pamungkas Rosadi, Rofi Zaidan Mubarok Rosadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright :
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- Copyright in each article belongs to the author.
- The author acknowledges that the Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (GIJLSS) has the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (for example, sent to the author's institutional repository, publication in a book, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time at GIJLSS.
