Private Hospitals' Liability for Anesthetic Negligence with Implications for Vicarious Liability and Legal Immunity of the Medical Profession

Authors

  • Selvy Devita Anggeraini Universitas Borobudur, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Zudan Arief Fakrulloh Universitas Borobudur, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v3i3.600

Keywords:

Vicarious Liability, Private Hospital, Anesthesiologist Negligence, Legal Immunity

Abstract

The principle of vicarious liability holds employers or healthcare institutions accountable for the negligence of medical personnel under their supervision. In the context of private hospitals, this becomes crucial when an anesthesiologist's negligence has the potential to cause serious harm to patients. This study examines the liability of private hospitals for anesthesia negligence, as well as the implications of vicarious liability and the legal immunity of the medical profession, using a normative and conceptual juridical approach. This study examines Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, Articles 1365 and 1367 of the Civil Code, and Articles 359 and 360 of the Criminal Code. The study indicates that private hospitals can be held civilly liable if it is proven that they have an employment relationship or supervision with an anesthesiologist, even if the medical procedure is performed individually. Legal protection for the medical profession applies only as long as the physician acts in accordance with professional standards and medical procedures, thus not providing absolute protection against gross negligence. This study recommends strengthening employment contracts, standard operating procedures for anesthesia, and internal hospital oversight systems to minimize the risk of legal disputes and improve patient protection.

References

Bani, P., & Anggiani, S. (2024). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Keterlibatan Tenaga Kesehatan dan Dampaknya pada Kinerja Rumah Sakit: Tinjauan Literatur tentang Tren dan Praktik Terkini. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 5(12).

Bramantyo, R. Y., & Putra, R. A. (2024). Hak Imunitas Dokter dan Inspanning Verbintenis: Niat yang Baik dan Causa yang Halal dalam Praktek Kedokteran. MORALITY: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 10(2), 294-305.

Hasibuan, A. A., Hasibuan, H. M., Fadila, A. N., & Khairiyyahni, S. (2023). SOSIALISASI PENTINGNYA INFORMED CONSENT UNTUK MENDORONG ETIKA PELAYANAN MEDIS DI MASYARAKAT. PENDALAS: Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(3), 248-261.

Keumalasari, K., Yetti, K., & Hariyati, R. T. (2021). Penerapan Model Kolaborasi Interprofesional dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Keselamatan Pasien: a Systematic Review. REAL in Nursing Journal, 4(2), 65-76.

Kurniawan, A., & Pratiwi, N. P. (2025). 10 LANGKAH ANASTESI. Cirebon: Greenbook Publisher.

Mambrasar, Y. O., Watofa, Y., & Sassan, J. (2024). Dissecting Patterns of Hospital Civil Liability in Medical Disputes: Between Vicarious Liability and Central: Membedah Pola Pertanggungjawaban Perdata Rumah Sakit dalam Sengketa Medis: Antara Vicarious Liability dan Central. Al-Mahkamah: Jurnal Hukum, Politik dan Pemerintahan, 1(2), 61-85.

Matippanna, A. (2022). Hukum Kesehatan: Tanggung Jawab Hukum Rumah Sakit Terhadap Pasien Dalam Pelaksanaan Pelayanan Kesehatan. Purwokerto: AMERTA MEDIA.

Mihardja, A., Kurniawan, C., & Anthony, K. (2020). Vicarious Liability: Perspektif Masa Kini. Jurnal Education and Development, 8(1), 561-570.

Prasetyo, R. F., Sidi, R., & Saragih, Y. M. (2023). Analisis Yuridis Pertanggungjawaban Dokter Anastesi atas Dugaan Kelalaian terhadap Pasieno pada Pre Operasi. JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(7), 5321-5329.

Pratama, B. D., & Pambayun, G. P. (2024). Edukasi tentang Monitoring Anestesi Aman di Fasilitas Kesehatan. Panggung Kebaikan: Jurnal Pengabdian Sosial, 1(3), 136-143.

Ratanto, R., Ningtyas, R., Lubis, V. H., Afrianti, N., Deswani, D., Arini, D., . . . Suryati, S. (2023). MANAJEMEN PATIENT SAFETY: Meningkatkan Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Pasien. Jambi: PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.

Rokayah, S., & Widjaja, G. (2022). Kelalaian (Negligence) dan Malpraktik Medis. Cross-border, 5(1), 463-473.

Siregar, M. K., Fahmi, F., & Triana, Y. (2024). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Terhadap Pelanggaran Standar Kompetensi Profesi oleh Tenaga Kesehatan. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(1), 7846-7853.

Takwa, M. (2025). Manajemen Risiko dalam Rumah Sakit: Strategi Pencegahan dan Mitigasi. Bekasi: PT KIMHSAFI ALUNG CIPTA.

Ujianto, M. B., & Wijaya, W. (2020). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Dokter Terhadap Gugatan Pasien Dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit. Jurnal Juristic,, 1(01), 52-66.

Widjaja, G., & Sijabat, H. H. (2025). ANALISIS YURIDIS DAN SOSIOLOGIS PERLUASAN TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM RUMAH SAKIT DI INDONESIA: TANTANGAN DAN SOLUSI. Jurnal Kesehatan, 3(5), 219-228.

Widjaja, G., & Sijabat, H. H. (2025). Strategi rumah sakit dalam menghadapi perluasan tanggung jawab hukum: Kajian literatur. Jurnal Kesehatan, 3(4), 179-188.

Widjaja, G., Sijabat, H. H., & Dhanudibroto, H. (2025). KEPATUHAN TENAGA KESEHATAN TERHADAP KODE ETIK PROFESI: ANALISIS LITERATUR UNDANG-UNDANG DAN PRAKTEK DI LAPANGAN. ZAHRA: JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 5(2), 55-67.

Yen, L. D., Renate, A. R., Farrand, E. T., Theresia, F., Stefani, M., Liem, S., . . . Lunita, V. M. (2022). Uji Kelalaian Medis: Sebuah Kajian Literatur. Indonesian Journal of Legal and Forensic Sciences, 12(1), 412283.

Zulfikri, Z., & Ricky, R. (2021). Hak Imunitas Dokter Dalam Penyelenggaraan Praktik Medis di Rumah Sakit. Journal of Mujaddid Nusantara, 6(1).

Downloads

Published

2025-11-21

How to Cite

Selvy Devita Anggeraini, & Zudan Arief Fakrulloh. (2025). Private Hospitals’ Liability for Anesthetic Negligence with Implications for Vicarious Liability and Legal Immunity of the Medical Profession. Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences, 3(3), 1123–1132. https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v3i3.600

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): (GIJLSS) Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (September - November 2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Selvy Devita Anggeraini, Zudan Arief Fakrulloh

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright :

Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:

  1. Copyright in each article belongs to the author.
  2. The author acknowledges that the Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (GIJLSS) has the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0).
  3. Authors can submit articles separately, arrange the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (for example, sent to the author's institutional repository, publication in a book, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time at GIJLSS.