Analysis of the Environmental Damage in Raja Ampat Caused by Nickel Mining

Abstract

Raja Ampat, located at the northwestern tip of Papua, is globally renowned for its unparalleled marine biodiversity and ecotourism potential. However, recent nickel mining activities in small islands such as Gag and Kawe have sparked serious environmental, social, and economic concerns. This study aims to examine the extent of environmental degradation, the socio-cultural disruptions, and the economic trade-offs caused by nickel mining in Raja Ampat, as well as to evaluate potential policy and community-based solutions. The research employs a qualitative approach through literature reviews, policy and legal document analysis, and media reports. The findings reveal severe environmental damage including deforestation, soil erosion, sedimentation, and heavy metal contamination, which directly threaten coral reefs and marine ecosystems. Socially, mining has led to land conflicts, disregard for indigenous rights, and disruption of traditional livelihoods such as fishing, farming, and eco-tourism. Economically, while nickel extraction offers short-term gains, these are disproportionate to the long-term losses in sustainable income from fisheries and tourism. The study concludes that nickel mining in Raja Ampat carries unacceptable ecological and social risks, undermining both local welfare and national conservation commitments. Strong enforcement of environmental and mining laws, recognition of indigenous rights, and prioritization of sustainable alternatives such as community-based tourism and fisheries are essential to safeguard Raja Ampat’s future.