Legal Status of Artificial Intelligence–Based Notarial Deeds: A Juridical Perspective under Indonesian Notarial Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v4i1.806Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Notarial Deed, Legal Status, Cyber Notary, Evidentiary ValueAbstract
This study examines the legal status of artificial intelligence-based notarial deeds in Indonesia and their implications for legal validity. This study aims to analyze the legal status of such deeds and their evidentiary value within the Indonesian notarial legal system. This study uses a normative juridical approach based on statutory and conceptual analysis. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence does not fulfill essential requirements of authenticity, particularly the presence of the parties, the reading of the deed, and its execution before a notary. As a result, such deeds may be classified as private deeds with weaker evidentiary value. The absence of specific regulations creates a legal vacuum, leading to uncertainty. Therefore, adaptive regulatory frameworks are necessary to ensure legal certainty and protection for the parties involved.
References
Ashley, K. D. (2017). Artificial intelligence and legal analytics: New tools for law practice in the digital age. Cambridge University Press.
Cui, J., Yang, Z., & Liu, H. (2023). Chatlaw: A Multi-Agent Collaborative Legal Assistant with Knowledge Graph Enhanced Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Model. arXiv Preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.16092
European Commission. (2021). Proposal for a regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act). Official Journal of the European Union.
Fauziah, D. (2025). Tantangan cyber notary terhadap keabsahan akta otentik di era digital. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(1), 55–70.
Hartati, T., & Riswadi, R. (2025). The effectiveness of blockchain technology implementation by notaries in increasing the security and validity of digital investment agreement deeds. Global International Journal of Law and Social Science, 3(4), 1469–1477. https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v3i4.665
Lai, J., Chen, X., & Wu, Y. (2023). Large language models in law: A survey of capabilities and challenges. arXiv Preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.03718
Loleh, R. R., Kurniawan, A., & Saputra, H. (2025). Legalitas digital dan cyber notary dalam otentikasi dokumen elektronik. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(2), 101–115.
Magesh, V., Surani, A., & Wang, D. (2024). Hallucination-free? Assessing the reliability of leading AI legal research tools. arXiv Preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.20362
Nasir, S., Khan, A., & Rehman, U. (2024). A Comprehensive Framework for Reliable Legal AI: Combining Specialized Expert Systems and Adaptive Refinement. arXiv Preprint. https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.20468
Putra, T. N., Hidayat, M., & Prakoso, Y. (2025). Efektivitas cyber notary dalam meningkatkan kepastian hukum transaksi elektronik. Al-Adl: Jurnal Hukum, 14(2), 200–215.
Republik Indonesia. (1847). Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesië).
Republik Indonesia. (2008). Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2008 Nomor 58.
Republik Indonesia. (2014). Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 3.
Republik Indonesia. (2016). Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2016 Nomor 251.
Riyanti, M. D. (2025). Tanggung jawab notaris terhadap penggunaan artificial intelligence dalam penyusunan akta. Notaire Review, 4(1), 33–47.
Rizkianti, W., Sari, P. N., & Utomo, B. (2025). Cyber notary di Indonesia: Tantangan dan rekonstruksi hukum. Notaire, 8(1), 12–28.
Setyawan, A. R. K., Pratama, R. A., & Nugroho, D. (2025). Penerapan artificial intelligence dalam perkembangan cyber notary di Indonesia. Jurnal Analisis Hukum, 5(1), 45–58.
Simanjuntak, Y. N., & Santosa, T. W. (2025). Cyber notary and artificial intelligence: Challenges for Indonesian notary practices. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Law and Digital Transformation (pp. 112–120).
Sona, M. N. (2023). Kedudukan akta notaris berbasis cyber notary dalam sistem hukum Indonesia. Jurnal Officium Notarium, 3(2), 145–160.
Sriyanto, S. A. (2025). Regulasi cyber notary dan kekuatan pembuktian akta elektronik di Indonesia. Al-Risalah: Jurnal Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum, 25(1), 89–104.
Sugiarti, I. (2023). Kepastian hukum cyber notary dalam perspektif hukum Indonesia. Jurnal Officium Notarium, 3(1), 78–92.
Susilo, D., & Dananjaya, N. S. (2023). Analisis yuridis implementasi artificial intelligence dalam praktik kenotariatan di Indonesia. Acta Comitas: Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan, 8(2), 210–225.
Susskind, R. (2019). Online courts and the future of justice. Oxford University Press.
Zeleznikow, J. (2021). Artificial intelligence and legal decision making: The wide open? AI and Law, 29(2), 1–15.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Richard Adam, Athyana Kamila Syahindra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright :
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- Copyright in each article belongs to the author.
- The author acknowledges that the Greenation International Journal of Law and Social Sciences (GIJLSS) has the right to be the first to publish under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal to other versions (for example, sent to the author's institutional repository, publication in a book, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time at GIJLSS.
