Child Rights Protection Compliance Ecosystem in Indonesia: Harmonization of the CRC, Digital Risks, Legal Pluralism, and Participation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/gijlss.v4i2.895Keywords:
Children's rights, CRC, Legal Pluralism, Digital Risks, Personal Data Protection, Compliance Ecosystem, Child ParticipationAbstract
This article examined the minimum obligations of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) can be operationalized in the Indonesian context, which was characterized by legal pluralism and accelerating digital risks. Using normative legal research methods through legislative, conceptual, and limited comparative approaches, this study maps CRC standards and General Comments (particularly GC 5, GC 12, and GC 25) onto national norms, institutional mandates, and implementation-enforcement mechanisms. The findings showed the main problem was not merely a lack of norms, but rather an implementation enforcement gap in the compliance infrastructure: coherence between regimes (child protection, data protection, and platform governance), capacity and coordination across actors, and the absence of auditable procedural indicators to test best interests, protection, and participation. This article proposes a "compliance ecosystem" framework that combines (i) implementation guidelines based on Best Interests Assessment and reason-giving as a bridge for legal pluralism, (ii) protective regulations in the digital space that place the obligation of risk assessment and mitigation on electronic system/platform operators, and (iii) child participation designs that can demonstrate influence through procedural standards and outcome-based monitoring and evaluation.
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